Present Perfect Tense
Form
( has / have + past participle )Examples :
- You have seen that movie many times .
- Have you seen that movie many times ?
- You have not seen that movie many times .
Use 1 Unspecified Time Before Now
We can use the present perfect with unspecific expressions such as : ever , never , once , many times , several times , before , so far , already , yet , etc .
Examples :- I have seen that movie 20 times .
- People have traveled to the Moon .
- Have you read the book yet ?
How Do You Actually Use The Present Perfect ?
Topic 1 Experience
You can use the present perfect to describe your experience .
Examples :- He has never traveled by train .
- Joan has studied 2 foreign languages .
Topic 2 Change Over Time
We often use the present perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time .
Examples :- You have grown since the last time I saw you .
- My English has really improved since I moved to Australia .
Topic 3 Accomplishments
We often use the present perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals & humanity .
Examples :- Man has walked on the Moon .
- Scientists have split the atom .
Topic 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
We often use the present perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened .
Examples :- Bill has still not arrived .
- The rain hasn ' t stopped .
Topic 5 Multiple Actions At Different Times
We also use the present perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at different times .
Examples :- The army has attacked that city five times .
Time Expressions With Present Perfect
We can do this with expressions such as : in the last week , in the last year , this week , this month , so far , up to now , etc .
Examples :
- They have had 3 tests in the last week .
- My car has broken down 3 times this week .
Notice
" Last year " & " in the last year " are very different in meaning . It is not considered a specific time , so it requires present perfect .
Examples :- I went to Mexico last year .
Use 2 Duration From The Past Until Now ( Non - Continuous Verbs )
" For 5 minutes , " " for 2 weeks , " & " since Tuesday " are all durations which can be used with the present perfect .
Examples :- I have had a cold for 2 weeks .
Adverb Placement
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as : always , only , never , ever , still , just , etc .
Examples :- You have only seen that movie one time .
- Have you only seen that movie one time ?
Active / Passive
Examples :- Many tourists have visited that castle . Active
- That castle has been visited by many tourists . Passive
Past Perfect Tense
A kind of tense that is used to describe an action / an event that started in a certain time in the past & completed / finished till certain / an event that had happened before the other event / action happened .
The Pattern : ( + ) Subject + had + verb I I I + complement
( – ) Subject + had not + verb I I I + complement
( ? ) Had + subject + verb I I I + complement ?
Formula of Verbal Sentence :
( + ) Subject + Had + V3
( - ) Subject + Had + Not + V3
( ? ) Had + Subject + V3 ?
Example :
+ She had put my book on the table last night .
Formula of Nominal Sentence
( + ) Subject + Had + Been + Non Verb
( - ) Subject + Had + Not + Been + Non Verb
( ? ) Had + Subject + Been + Non Verb ?
Example :
+ I had been there when the accident happened .
- I had not been there when the accident happened .
? Had had been there when the accident happened ?
Future Perfect Tense
Future perfect has 2 different forms : " will have done " & " be going to have done . "
Form Future Perfect With " Will "
( will have + past participle )Examples :
- You will have perfected your english by the time you come back from the U . S .
- Will you have perfected your english by the time you come back from the U . S . ?
- You will not have perfected your english by the time you come back from the U . S .
Form Future Perfect With " Be Going To "
( am / is / are + going to have + past participle )Examples :
- You are going to have perfected your english by the time you come back from the U . S .
- Are you going to have perfected your english by the time you come back from the U . S . ?
- You are not going to have perfected your english by the time you come back from the U . S .
Use 1 Completed Action Before Something In The Future
Examples :
- By next November , I will have received my promotion .
- I am not going to have finished this test by 3 o ' clock .
Use 2 Duration Before Something In The Future ( Non - Continuous Verbs )
Examples :
- I will have been in London for 6 months by the time I leave .
- By Monday , Susan is going to have had my book for a week .
Remember No Future In Time Clauses
Like all future forms , the future perfect cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as : when , while , before , after , by the time , as soon as , if , unless , etc .
Examples :- I am going to see a movie when I will have finished my homework . Not Correct
- I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework . Correct
Adverb Placement
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as : always , only , never , ever , still , just , etc .Examples :
- You will only have learned a few words .
- Will you only have learned a few words ?
Active / Passive
Examples :- They will have completed the project before the deadline . Active
- The project will have been completed before the deadline . Passive
| subject | + | auxiliary verb WILL | + | auxiliary verb HAVE | + | main verb |
| | invariable | | invariable | | past participle | |
| will | have | V3 | ||||
| | subject | auxiliary verb | | auxiliary verb | main verb | |
| + | I | will | | have | finished | by 10am. |
| + | You | will | | have | forgotten | me by then. |
| - | She | will | not | have | gone | to school. |
| - | We | will | not | have | left. | |
| ? | Will | you | | have | arrived? | |
| ? | Will | they | | have | received | it? |
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